Новости за 02.10.2018

From the start of the colonisation, the Spanish Crown needed to know and represent the overseas territories under its control. In the last third of the sixteenth century, surveys were carried on to get to know this territories. Among these documents, the researchers have found a set of maps that are characterised by a peculiar style, as they try to imitate the style of maps that were drawn up in Europe in this period.

New research sheds light on how people decide whether behavior is moral or immoral. The findings could serve as a framework for informing the development of artificial intelligence and other technologies.

First-of-a-kind new species and genus of drywood termite was collected from two localities in Cameroon. With its soldier caste sporting a unique set of long, slender, stick-like 'jaws', the previously unknown insect is the first drywood termite known to rely on the so-called snapping mandibles as a defense strategy. The discovery, published in the open access journal ZooKeys, poses a whole set of questions about the origin of the termite and its key feature.

A team of scientists from the US Army Research Laboratory and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology have developed and demonstrated a pioneering synthetic biology tool to deliver DNA programming into a broad range of bacteria.

A new George Mason University report published in Tobacco Control found that there are far more e-cigarette explosion and burn injuries in the United States than estimated in past reports.

By translating a key human physical skill, whole-body balance, into an equation, engineers at UT Austin used the numerical formula to program their robot Mercury.

Preterm birth remains a global epidemic linked to a lifetime of potential health complications. It also is difficult to study in living creatures -- especially the uniquely precise biology of preterm birth in humans. Researchers report in PLoS Biology successfully inserting just enough human DNA into transgenic laboratory mice that it allowed the team to study a unique part of human pregnancy compared to other animals.

Researchers at Michigan State University conducted the largest experimentally controlled study on sleep deprivation to date, revealing just how detrimental operating without sleep can be in everything from bakers adding too much salt to cookies to surgeons botching surgeries.

A study published recently in Nature magazine, in which Ana Monreal-Ibero, a researcher at the Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC) is a participant, reveals the presence of a hitherto undetected component of the universe: large masses of gas surrounding distant galaxies.

An EPFL scientist has developed a novel approach that boosts the chances of finding extraterrestrial intelligence in our galaxy. His method uses probability theory to calculate the possibility of detecting an extraterrestrial signal (if there is one) at a given distance from Earth.

By venturing beyond the lab mouse to study the eyes of diurnal small mammals, scientists have uncovered a difference in the composition of rod and cone cell membranes that may explain how a genetic form of macular dystrophy targets only parts of the retina.

Previous research published earlier this year involving University of Minnesota Medical School faculty and Mayo Clinic investigators, showed it was possible to reduce the burden of damaged cells, termed senescent cells, and extend lifespan and improve health, even when treatment was initiated late in life. They now have shown that treatment of aged mice with the natural product Fisetin, found in many fruits and vegetables, also has significant positive effects on health and lifespan.

Medical University of South Carolina (MUSC) neurologists have developed a new method based on artificial intelligence that may eventually help both patients and doctors weigh the pros and cons of using brain surgery to treat debilitating seizures caused by epilepsy. This study, which focused on mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE), was published in the September 2018 issue of Epilepsia. This work also highlights how artificial intelligence is driving change in the medical field.

Drug safety and effectiveness vary greatly among populations worldwide.

Researchers in South Africa's Kalahari Desert found a large male cape cobra devouring another smaller male of the same species. Surprised by the thought-to-be-rare event, they decided to investigate how common and widespread cannibalism was in cobras.

A brief tool assessing emergency department (ED) threat perceptions has clinical utility for providers to identify patients at risk for developing cardiac-induced PTSD and is critical to inform research on whether threat may be modified in-ED to reduce post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) incidence.

(Springer) Infants are often dubbed 'young scientists' because in order to survive they need to find out about the world around them as quickly as possible. Some who never lose their childhood curiosity go on to become adult scientists. The Rise of Science charts and discusses the body of scientific knowledge that humanity has accumulated -- certainly one of our greatest achievements.

(Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona)) The natural world often provides the answer to unsolved medical problems. On this occasion, the solution to a challenge posed by cancer has come about from the immune system of camelids. A study headed by the Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona) and the Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), in Belgium, describes a number of therapeutic tools that have the capacity to block the activity of EGF, a growth factor that is dysregulated in cancer cells.

(Kanazawa University) Supersymmetry predicts a relationship between the fundamental particles fermions and bosons. An extended version of a pioneering model of non-relativistic supersymmetry -- the Nicolai supersymmetric fermion lattice model -- is studied. Previously, it was verified that supersymmetry of the model breaks down only when the adjustable constant g > g0 ? 4/π. A researcher at Kanazawa University removed the restriction on g and showed that the extended version of the Nicolai supersymmetric... Читать дальше...

(Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT) ) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) has successfully acquired funding for two clusters of excellence within the Excellence Strategy launched by the federal and state governments.

Adolescents who use vaping products are not only more likely to smoke cigarettes but are also likely to increase their use of both products over time, according to a new study.

Nearly 14 million additional adolescents will need to receive the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine to reach the American Cancer Society's goal of an 80 percent vaccination rate by that 2026.

Secondary forests only last an average of 20 years. The finding presents a major problem for large-scale restoration policy, which often focuses on commitments to restore a certain number of hectares by a given year. But the benefits of restoration depend on those forests persisting. It takes much longer than 20 years for a secondary forest to absorb large amounts of carbon, or to provide habitat for many forest species, research shows.

If dark matter consists of a plethora of primordial black holes, then their gravitational lensing -- magnifying and brightening distant objects -- should be detectable. UC Berkeley physicists analyzed 740 known supernovas to find the handful that should have been magnified and brightened by black holes, and found none. This puts a strong upper limit, 40, on the percent of dark matter that can consist of black holes, and suggests that none of it is.

An FAU professor and a high school senior from MSD have published a study on homicide rates in Baltimore and New York City. They note marked differences between these 'peer' cities according to 19 population-based characteristics from the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The root causes for these differences are complex and multifactorial, and raise several major clinical and contemporary medical policy issues. The vast majority of these US homicides are attributable to firearms.