Canada is at serious risk from malign foreign interference in elections, and that risk is growing. This is not a conspiracy theory: it is the considered conclusion of Justice Marie-Josée Hogue’s
initial report into the role foreign powers play in Canadian elections. The biggest threat comes from China, as illustrated by alleged interference in a Liberal Party of Canada nomination contest ahead of the 2019 federal election and disinformation during the 2021 election campaign. But the report shows that China is only part of the story, and that “all aspects of Canadian society” are at risk “whether an election is taking place or not." Other countries that have also been linked to efforts to undermine Canadian elections include Russia, India, Pakistan and Iran.
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